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Friday, July 26, 2013
Wednesday, July 24, 2013
Nexus 7 Hands On: A Giant Leap for Google-Kind
After Google's Nexus 7 announcement today, we had the opportunity to put the new device through its paces and it did not disappoint. The new unit is noticeably lighter than its predecessor and its narrower form factor makes it easier to fit in a back pocket without busting seams.
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Tuesday, July 23, 2013
Putting the brakes on inflammation
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 22-Jul-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Daniel Stolte
stolte@email.arizona.edu
520-626-4402
University of Arizona
Researchers have uncovered a signal that prevents the immune system from spinning out of control. The findings could help develop more effective therapies for autoimmune disorders, allergies, chronic inflammation and cancer
A team led by a University of Arizona researcher has discovered a previously unknown mechanism that prevents the immune system from going into overdrive, shedding light not only on how our body controls its response to pathogens but on conditions such as autoimmune diseases, allergies and chronic inflammation as well.
The group found a protein previously believed to only play a role in blood clotting acts as a negative feedback signal, telling defense cells to calm down, thereby preventing an immune reaction from spiraling out of control. The results, which could lead to new therapeutics for a variety of disorders caused by a faulty immune response, are published in the scientific journal Immunity.
When pathogens such as viruses or bacteria invade our body, the immune system reacts by producing a flurry of chemical signals, known as chemokines that act as a bugle call recruiting specialized defender cells to the scene, such as macrophages, which devour the intruders. This first line of defense is known as inflammation.
"Inflammation is a necessary defense mechanism you can't live without it," said Sourav Ghosh, assistant professor in the department of cellular and molecular medicine at the UA College of Medicine and lead author of the study. "On the flip side, if you can't regulate the inflammation, it can damage the body."
To be effective against pathogens, yet prevent collateral damage from the body's own defenses, the immune system has to maintain just the right level of inflammation, explained Ghosh, who is also a member of the University of Arizona Cancer Center and theUA's BIO5 Institute.
"It needs to be not too high and not too low," he said. "The question had always been, how does the immune system maintain that balance? Our discovery explains this."
All organisms, even plants, have some kind of immune system at their disposal that acts as an army fighting against the onslaught of microbes, viruses, parasites and other pathogens in the environment. Vertebrates have evolved the most sophisticated arsenal of "soldiers" and "weapons," relying on two powerful lines of defense: a non-specific, or innate, immune response and the specific, or adaptive, immune response.
In the non-specific response, the immune system throws a first wave of countermeasures at the intruders, consisting of among other things aggressive chemicals, destructive enzymes and kamikaze-like neutrophils, specialized white blood cells that destroy the attackers by devouring them, killing themselves in the process.
"First you don't know who the enemy is, so you fire everywhere with your eyes closed," Ghosh explained. "But once you know the enemy, you need to shut off this first response firing and bring in the special ops so to speak."
The special ops come in the form of the specific immunity, capable of targeting pathogens very precisely, taking out the enemy in a sniper-like fashion, while sparing friendly microbes and cells belonging to the body. Most importantly, this portion of the immune system contains cells that remember every attacker trying to conquer an organism throughout its lifetime, allowing the immune system to summon the most effective, specialized task force to counter a pathogen it recognizes from a previous battle.
"The innate immune response is necessary to activate the adaptive response," Ghosh said. "But once activated, there has to be a mechanism that prevents the adaptive response from going into overdrive. From previous studies, we knew there had to be some kind of signal that does this, but we didn't know the nature of that signal. Now we do."
Two kinds of immune cells turned out to be the key players in mediating the immune response: the dendritic cells, so called because of the tree-like branches they grow during their development ("dendron" means "tree" in Greek), which belong to the first wave of defense; and the T-cells, so named because they mature in the thymus gland of the second, which are part of the second wave, the specific immune response.
"The dendritic cells activate the T-cells," Ghosh explained. "Only when they're activated, not when they're resting, do the T-cells produce this protein that we knew only from the blood clotting process, called Protein S."
The T-cells display Protein S on their surface, where it makes contact with a receptor the dendritic cells carry on their surface. This triggers a signal telling the dendritic cell to stop switching on T-cells, causing the immune response to slow down.
"We thought about which cells could be the source of that signal," said Carla Rothlin of the School of Medicine at Yale University, who led the study together with Ghosh. "You don't want to put the brakes on from the very beginning, or otherwise the immune response would never amount to anything. But you want to slow it down once it starts going too fast."
"We figured that once the specific response is underway, you don't really need the unspecific response anymore, so the T-cells appeared to be the best candidates for the source of this signal."
To test their hypothesis, the researchers studied the immune response in mice in which the gene coding for Protein S had been deactivated selectively in their T-cells, rendering them unable to communicate with the dendritic cells.
As expected, these mice were unable to regulate their immune response, resulting in higher levels of inflammation compared to their normal counterparts.
To assess the relevance of their findings to humans, Ghosh and his co-workers then studied blood from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Consistent with their previous results, patients suffering from increased inflammation had lower levels of Protein S in their blood stream compared to healthy volunteers.
The findings could help scientists and clinicians develop better treatments for inflammatory diseases, for example by designing drugs that substitute for insufficient Protein S. According to Ghosh, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are 20 times more likely to develop colon cancer, further underlining the significance of this study.
Study co-author Dr. Jonathan Leighton reported anecdotal evidence from the clinical practice that is in line with the dual roles Protein S is believed to play.
"Patients with inflammatory bowel disease can develop blood clots if they have active disease," said Leighton, a UA alumnus who holds the Chair of the Division of Gastroenterology at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz. "From a clinical standpoint, we think that three factors predispose to inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease genetic, environmental and the immune system. This research is exciting because it focuses on the immune system. No one has found a consistent inflammatory pathway that explains all the clinical manifestations, and it may be that different pathways are affected in different patients. We don't understand how it all relates quite yet, but this study is a step toward a better understanding that will ultimately help us treat patients more effectively."
###
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 AI077058, R01 AI089824, CA95060 and T32 AI007019); the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation; the American Heart Association; the American Asthma Foundation; the Lupus Research Institute; a CONICET Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Gershon-Trudeau Postdoctoral Fellowship.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 22-Jul-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Daniel Stolte
stolte@email.arizona.edu
520-626-4402
University of Arizona
Researchers have uncovered a signal that prevents the immune system from spinning out of control. The findings could help develop more effective therapies for autoimmune disorders, allergies, chronic inflammation and cancer
A team led by a University of Arizona researcher has discovered a previously unknown mechanism that prevents the immune system from going into overdrive, shedding light not only on how our body controls its response to pathogens but on conditions such as autoimmune diseases, allergies and chronic inflammation as well.
The group found a protein previously believed to only play a role in blood clotting acts as a negative feedback signal, telling defense cells to calm down, thereby preventing an immune reaction from spiraling out of control. The results, which could lead to new therapeutics for a variety of disorders caused by a faulty immune response, are published in the scientific journal Immunity.
When pathogens such as viruses or bacteria invade our body, the immune system reacts by producing a flurry of chemical signals, known as chemokines that act as a bugle call recruiting specialized defender cells to the scene, such as macrophages, which devour the intruders. This first line of defense is known as inflammation.
"Inflammation is a necessary defense mechanism you can't live without it," said Sourav Ghosh, assistant professor in the department of cellular and molecular medicine at the UA College of Medicine and lead author of the study. "On the flip side, if you can't regulate the inflammation, it can damage the body."
To be effective against pathogens, yet prevent collateral damage from the body's own defenses, the immune system has to maintain just the right level of inflammation, explained Ghosh, who is also a member of the University of Arizona Cancer Center and theUA's BIO5 Institute.
"It needs to be not too high and not too low," he said. "The question had always been, how does the immune system maintain that balance? Our discovery explains this."
All organisms, even plants, have some kind of immune system at their disposal that acts as an army fighting against the onslaught of microbes, viruses, parasites and other pathogens in the environment. Vertebrates have evolved the most sophisticated arsenal of "soldiers" and "weapons," relying on two powerful lines of defense: a non-specific, or innate, immune response and the specific, or adaptive, immune response.
In the non-specific response, the immune system throws a first wave of countermeasures at the intruders, consisting of among other things aggressive chemicals, destructive enzymes and kamikaze-like neutrophils, specialized white blood cells that destroy the attackers by devouring them, killing themselves in the process.
"First you don't know who the enemy is, so you fire everywhere with your eyes closed," Ghosh explained. "But once you know the enemy, you need to shut off this first response firing and bring in the special ops so to speak."
The special ops come in the form of the specific immunity, capable of targeting pathogens very precisely, taking out the enemy in a sniper-like fashion, while sparing friendly microbes and cells belonging to the body. Most importantly, this portion of the immune system contains cells that remember every attacker trying to conquer an organism throughout its lifetime, allowing the immune system to summon the most effective, specialized task force to counter a pathogen it recognizes from a previous battle.
"The innate immune response is necessary to activate the adaptive response," Ghosh said. "But once activated, there has to be a mechanism that prevents the adaptive response from going into overdrive. From previous studies, we knew there had to be some kind of signal that does this, but we didn't know the nature of that signal. Now we do."
Two kinds of immune cells turned out to be the key players in mediating the immune response: the dendritic cells, so called because of the tree-like branches they grow during their development ("dendron" means "tree" in Greek), which belong to the first wave of defense; and the T-cells, so named because they mature in the thymus gland of the second, which are part of the second wave, the specific immune response.
"The dendritic cells activate the T-cells," Ghosh explained. "Only when they're activated, not when they're resting, do the T-cells produce this protein that we knew only from the blood clotting process, called Protein S."
The T-cells display Protein S on their surface, where it makes contact with a receptor the dendritic cells carry on their surface. This triggers a signal telling the dendritic cell to stop switching on T-cells, causing the immune response to slow down.
"We thought about which cells could be the source of that signal," said Carla Rothlin of the School of Medicine at Yale University, who led the study together with Ghosh. "You don't want to put the brakes on from the very beginning, or otherwise the immune response would never amount to anything. But you want to slow it down once it starts going too fast."
"We figured that once the specific response is underway, you don't really need the unspecific response anymore, so the T-cells appeared to be the best candidates for the source of this signal."
To test their hypothesis, the researchers studied the immune response in mice in which the gene coding for Protein S had been deactivated selectively in their T-cells, rendering them unable to communicate with the dendritic cells.
As expected, these mice were unable to regulate their immune response, resulting in higher levels of inflammation compared to their normal counterparts.
To assess the relevance of their findings to humans, Ghosh and his co-workers then studied blood from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Consistent with their previous results, patients suffering from increased inflammation had lower levels of Protein S in their blood stream compared to healthy volunteers.
The findings could help scientists and clinicians develop better treatments for inflammatory diseases, for example by designing drugs that substitute for insufficient Protein S. According to Ghosh, patients with inflammatory bowel disease are 20 times more likely to develop colon cancer, further underlining the significance of this study.
Study co-author Dr. Jonathan Leighton reported anecdotal evidence from the clinical practice that is in line with the dual roles Protein S is believed to play.
"Patients with inflammatory bowel disease can develop blood clots if they have active disease," said Leighton, a UA alumnus who holds the Chair of the Division of Gastroenterology at Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Ariz. "From a clinical standpoint, we think that three factors predispose to inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease genetic, environmental and the immune system. This research is exciting because it focuses on the immune system. No one has found a consistent inflammatory pathway that explains all the clinical manifestations, and it may be that different pathways are affected in different patients. We don't understand how it all relates quite yet, but this study is a step toward a better understanding that will ultimately help us treat patients more effectively."
###
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01 AI077058, R01 AI089824, CA95060 and T32 AI007019); the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation; the American Heart Association; the American Asthma Foundation; the Lupus Research Institute; a CONICET Postdoctoral Fellowship and a Gershon-Trudeau Postdoctoral Fellowship.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-07/uoa-ptb072213.php
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Saturday, July 20, 2013
Tom Cruise dazzles fans at his first Comic-Con
SAN DIEGO (AP) ? Tom Cruise was almost as excited to be at Comic-Con as fans were to see him.
The megastar came to the pop-culture festival Saturday for the first time to showcase his latest film, "Edge of Tomorrow."
In the dark story set in the near future, Cruise's character is forced to become a metal-clad soldier. Emily Blunt and Bill Paxton also star, and both appeared with Cruise inside the San Diego Convention Center's largest hall.
Cruise told the crowd that he's always wanted to come to Comic-Con and was especially eager to see convention-goers' colorful costumes.
He said his greatest aspiration is to entertain, and he called it a dream and an honor.
"Edge of Tomorrow" is set for release next summer.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tom-cruise-dazzles-fans-first-comic-con-224418522.html
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Exercise can reduce stroke risk
[unable to retrieve full-text content]A new study is one of the first to study the relationship of exercise and stroke in a large biracial cohort of men and women in the U.S.
Friday, July 19, 2013
Eczema may play a key role in the development of food allergy in infants, study suggests
[unable to retrieve full-text content]A breakdown of the skin barrier and inflammation in the skin that occurs in eczema could play a key role in triggering food sensitivity in babies, a new study reveals.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/Gd7Ao1idNdo/130719085156.htm
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When Jimi Hendrix came to Washington and blew its mind
[unable to retrieve full-text content]
Source: www.washingtonpost.com --- Thursday, July 18, 2013
Jimi Hendrix was the new darling of rock royalty in London, the acid guitar hero poised to conquer America that idyllic, impossible Summer of Love. After a few seminal gigs, clever promoters decided the way to launch Hendrix in the States was to put him on tour opening for one of the hottest sensations: the Monkees, those wacky lads who were ?too busy singing to put anybody down,? as the song said. (Hey, hey!) Hendrix, who represented the doom of everything the Monkees stood for, played dauntingly loud but still couldn?t drown the hormonal frenzy of thousands of desperate teeny-boppers. From Jacksonville, Fla., to Forest Hills, N.Y., they squealed like a maniacal one-note solo for Michael, Micky, Peter and Davy, until finally Jimi could take no more. Read full article >> ? ? ? ? ...
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Tuesday, June 18, 2013
E-Cigarettes: 5 Burning Legal Issues - Law and Daily Life - FindLaw
E-cigarettes are selling like inhalable hotcakes since their approval in the United States, but these "safe" cigarettes still face challenges from state and federal laws.
These nicotine-vapor devices are currently regulated similar to other tobacco products, but there are some hot legal differences.
Here are five legal issues affecting e-cigarettes:
1. FDA Can't Control Sales.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tried to get e-cigarettes regulated as "medical devices," which would have placed the FDA in control of where they could be sold. But the FDA's attempt failed after a federal appellate decision in 2010.
Although the federal government can regulate the marketing of e-cigarettes under the same laws that govern other tobacco products, the standards are much lower than for medical devices under the FDA.
2. Flavored Cigarette Ban.
In 2009 the FDA was successful in placing a ban on flavored cigarettes (excluding menthol) sold in the United States.
This ban has not been lifted, and yet e-cigarettes, like the ones sold by Blu, are currently available with flavor cartridges like Pina Colada and Java Jolt.
3. Who's Verifying 'Therapeutic' Claims?
An American Cancer Society group approached the FDA in 2013 and asked them to re-evaluate the use of electronic cigarettes as "tobacco cessation tools," reports PC Magazine.
Nicotine gum and patches have claims that are regulated by the FDA under their drug/medical device rules. But companies that sell electronic cigarettes may be hyping their therapeutic benefits without any oversight.
4. Indoor Smoking Bans.
The common myth is that electronic cigarettes are exempted from a slew of state and local indoor smoking ordinances. But in states like New Jersey, smoking e-cigarettes inside a public place is illegal.
Remember also that each business can choose to enforce stronger policies on e-smoking, even barring smoking outside as well as inside their stores.
5. Potential Health, Safety Risks.
As many regulators have been astute to point out, the long term health effects of e-cigarettes is still widely unknown.
Depending on which electronic smoke you decide to purchase, it may very well blow up in your face, literally.
Related Resources:
Source: http://blogs.findlaw.com/law_and_life/2013/06/e-cigarettes-5-burning-legal-issues.html
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Seeking a Syria consensus despite US-Russia divide
ENNISKILLEN, Northern Ireland (AP) ? Hunting for a glimmer of common ground, the leaders of major economic powers are declaring themselves dedicated to a political solution to Syria's bloody civil war, even as President Barack Obama and Russian President Vladimir Putin stake out diametrically opposite stands on which side deserves military support.
Ahead of a Group of Eight joint statement on Syria to be issued Tuesday, the U.S. remained committed to Obama's recent decision to arm the rebels and Russia did not budge from its weapons sales to President Bashar Assad's regime.
Yet even as Obama found common ground among European allies against Putin at a G-8 summit in Northern Ireland, the U.S. president also struggled to convince some of those same allies to join him in sending armaments to the Syrian opposition.
Syria, where at least 93,000 people have been killed in the conflict, has emerged as one of the intractable issues at the G-8 in Northern Ireland, where leaders of eight of the wealthiest economies gathered at a gleaming lakeside golf resort to hash over trade, tax and foreign policy challenges.
"Of course, our opinions do not coincide, but all of us have the intention to stop the violence in Syria, to stop the growth of victims, and to solve the situation peacefully," Putin said after meeting for two hours with Obama. "We agreed to push the parties to the negotiations table."
"We do have differing perspectives on the problem," Obama concurred. "But we share an interest in reducing the violence; securing chemical weapons and ensuring that they're neither used nor are they subject to proliferation; and that we want to try to resolve the issue through political means, if possible."
In an interview on PBS that was taped Sunday and aired late Monday, Obama was much blunter, and pessimistic.
"What's been clear is that Assad, at this point ? in part, because of his support from Iran and from Russia ? believes that he does not have to engage in a political transition, believes that he can continue to simply violently suppress over half of the population," Obama told interviewer Charlie Rose. "And as long as he's got that mindset, it's going to be very difficult to resolve the situation there."
Even so, Obama in the interview portrayed himself as a reluctant participant in the civil war.
"We know what it's like to rush into a war in the Middle East without having thought it through," he said in obvious reference to the war in Iraq.
British officials said Cameron was looking for consensus among the G-8 members on five areas of potential agreement that could win Russian support, including securing chemical weapons, pursuing extremists and creating an executive authority for Syria after it undergoes a political transition.
But despite their shared belief that Assad must leave power, the U.S., Britain and France were also showing cracks in their unity. Britain and France appear unwilling ? at least for now ? to join President Barack Obama in arming the Syrian rebels, a step the U.S. president reluctantly finalized last week.
Ben Rhodes, Obama's deputy national security adviser, downplayed those differences, saying the Syrian opposition could be strengthened either politically, through humanitarian aid or as a military force.
"Different nations are going to feed into that process in different ways," he said.
The G-8 leaders capped the day Monday with a dinner at a lakeside lodge, where Syria was to be the main subject as they dined on Kilkeel crab, prawn and avocado salad, followed by roast fillet and braised shin of Kettyle beef with violet artichokes. Dessert was Bushmills whiskey custard.
The sensitive Syria discussions unfolded in the midst of awkward revelations that the British eavesdropping agency GCHQ tapped into the communications of foreign diplomats during the 2009 Group of 20 summit in London, including those of Russian leader Dmitry Medvedev. That report, in the newspaper The Guardian, came on the heels of reports about the high-tech surveillance methods and record-gathering employed by the National Security Agency in the United States.
While the disclosures added a layer of controversy to the summit, U.S. officials said heads of state at a summit like the G-8 are perfectly aware that such spying goes on. As for the issue coming up in talks with Putin, deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes told reporters, "It was a non-event at this meeting."
Indeed, in his interview with PBS, Obama made it clear such eavesdropping is commonplace, and tried to distinguish it from the cyber-hacking his administration has accused China of carrying out.
"There is a big difference between China wanting to figure out how can they find out what my talking points are when I'm meeting with the Japanese, which is standard fare, and we try to prevent them from penetrating that, and they try to get that information," he said. "There's a big difference between that and a hacker directly connected with the Chinese government or the Chinese military breaking into Apple's software systems to see if they can obtain the designs for the latest Apple product. That's theft."
It was a remarkably direct accusation coming just a week after Obama met with Chinese President Xi Jinping in a desert resort in California.
"We had a very blunt conversation about cybersecurity," Obama said of his talks with Xi.
With Putin, Obama also tried to emphasize their areas of cooperation, including an extension of a 1992 agreement designed to curtail the spread of nuclear weapons. The agreement resolved Russian concerns that the original post-Soviet pact, named after Senate sponsors Democrat Sam Nunn and Republican Richard Lugar, was too intrusive in securing material from Russia. Rhodes said the deal allows both countries to cooperate on nuclear security in the U.S. and Russia, but also in other countries. Obama is likely to draw attention to the deal in a speech Wednesday in Berlin.
Still, relations between Obama and Putin have never been warm. Rhodes called the encounter between the two "businesslike," one made even more stilted through translation.
Obama tried to leaven their joint appearance before reporters at the end of their talks by observing that "we compared notes on President Putin's expertise in judo and my declining skills in basketball. And we both agreed that as you get older it takes more time to recover."
Putin, through an interpreter, replied, "The President wants to relax me with his statement of age."
___
Associated Press writers Cassandra Vinograd and Julie Pace in Northern Ireland contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/seeking-syria-consensus-despite-us-russia-divide-045915737.html
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Solar Impulse touches down in Washington
Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.
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Safety review of bone growth product ushers in new era of data sharing
Public release date: 17-Jun-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Karen N. Peart
karen.peart@yale.edu
203-432-1326
Yale University
A Yale project involving the independent review of a bone growth product's safety has yielded results*, which are published in the June 18 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The findings are part of the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) Project's novel partnership with Medtronic, Inc., to study and release all of the company's clinical trial research data on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).
"This marks the completion of YODA's first initiative and ushers in a new standard of transparency in clinical research," said team leader Harlan M. Krumholz, M.D., the Harold H. Hines Professor of Medicine (cardiology) and director of the Yale Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation. Krumholz and his colleagues co-authored an editorial on the project in the same issue of Annals of Internal Medicine containing the results.
The YODA Project seeks to address the problem of unpublished and selectively published clinical evidence. Medtronic is the first drug or medical device company to contract with YODA and allow access to all of its clinical trial data for independent reanalysis.
As part of this project, YODA is releasing two independent reviews of all clinical studies of Medtronic's rhBMP-2 and making the Medtronic data available to people pursuing scientific questions. The YODA team selected the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Oregon, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York, United Kingdom to conduct the reviews after an open competition.
These review organizations are also publishing academic papers on their findings in the Annals of Internal Medicine. An editorial in the same issue by the YODA team expresses the hope that this project marks a major step toward a cultural shift in thinking about data sharing. According to the YODA team, publication of the rhBMP-2 reviews is "an historic moment in the emerging era of open science."
"This project demonstrates what is possible when industry and academia work together for the common good, seeking to change assumptions about what is possible and to reset expectations about how best to serve society's interests," said Krumholz, who is also a professor of investigative medicine and public health, and is director of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program.
"Open science and data sharing will create scientific enterprise that is better able to meet the needs of the public and is a sign of a company that is willing to compete in science rather than marketing," Krumholz added. "Let's hope that others adopt a similar approach."
###
Other authors on the YODA editorial include Joseph S. Ross, M.D., Cary P. Gross, M.D., Ezekiel J. Emanuel, M.D., Beth Hodshon, Jessica D. Ritchie, Jeffrey B. Low, and Richard Lehman, M.D.
*To obtain results of the independent studies please contact Angela Collom at Annals of Internal Medicine: ACollom@mail.acponline.org Office: 215-351-2653.
Citation: Annals of Internal Medicine
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 17-Jun-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Karen N. Peart
karen.peart@yale.edu
203-432-1326
Yale University
A Yale project involving the independent review of a bone growth product's safety has yielded results*, which are published in the June 18 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine. The findings are part of the Yale University Open Data Access (YODA) Project's novel partnership with Medtronic, Inc., to study and release all of the company's clinical trial research data on recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2).
"This marks the completion of YODA's first initiative and ushers in a new standard of transparency in clinical research," said team leader Harlan M. Krumholz, M.D., the Harold H. Hines Professor of Medicine (cardiology) and director of the Yale Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation. Krumholz and his colleagues co-authored an editorial on the project in the same issue of Annals of Internal Medicine containing the results.
The YODA Project seeks to address the problem of unpublished and selectively published clinical evidence. Medtronic is the first drug or medical device company to contract with YODA and allow access to all of its clinical trial data for independent reanalysis.
As part of this project, YODA is releasing two independent reviews of all clinical studies of Medtronic's rhBMP-2 and making the Medtronic data available to people pursuing scientific questions. The YODA team selected the Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, Oregon, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York, United Kingdom to conduct the reviews after an open competition.
These review organizations are also publishing academic papers on their findings in the Annals of Internal Medicine. An editorial in the same issue by the YODA team expresses the hope that this project marks a major step toward a cultural shift in thinking about data sharing. According to the YODA team, publication of the rhBMP-2 reviews is "an historic moment in the emerging era of open science."
"This project demonstrates what is possible when industry and academia work together for the common good, seeking to change assumptions about what is possible and to reset expectations about how best to serve society's interests," said Krumholz, who is also a professor of investigative medicine and public health, and is director of the Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program.
"Open science and data sharing will create scientific enterprise that is better able to meet the needs of the public and is a sign of a company that is willing to compete in science rather than marketing," Krumholz added. "Let's hope that others adopt a similar approach."
###
Other authors on the YODA editorial include Joseph S. Ross, M.D., Cary P. Gross, M.D., Ezekiel J. Emanuel, M.D., Beth Hodshon, Jessica D. Ritchie, Jeffrey B. Low, and Richard Lehman, M.D.
*To obtain results of the independent studies please contact Angela Collom at Annals of Internal Medicine: ACollom@mail.acponline.org Office: 215-351-2653.
Citation: Annals of Internal Medicine
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-06/yu-sro061113.php
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Monday, June 17, 2013
E-Cigarettes: 5 Burning Legal Issues - Law and Daily Life - FindLaw
E-cigarettes are selling like inhalable hotcakes since their approval in the United States, but these "safe" cigarettes still face challenges from state and federal laws.
These nicotine-vapor devices are currently regulated similar to other tobacco products, but there are some hot legal differences.
Here are five legal issues affecting e-cigarettes:
1. FDA Can't Control Sales.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tried to get e-cigarettes regulated as "medical devices," which would have placed the FDA in control of where they could be sold. But the FDA's attempt failed after a federal appellate decision in 2010.
Although the federal government can regulate the marketing of e-cigarettes under the same laws that govern other tobacco products, the standards are much lower than for medical devices under the FDA.
2. Flavored Cigarette Ban.
In 2009 the FDA was successful in placing a ban on flavored cigarettes (excluding menthol) sold in the United States.
This ban has not been lifted, and yet e-cigarettes, like the ones sold by Blu, are currently available with flavor cartridges like Pina Colada and Java Jolt.
3. Who's Verifying 'Therapeutic' Claims?
An American Cancer Society group approached the FDA in 2013 and asked them to re-evaluate the use of electronic cigarettes as "tobacco cessation tools," reports PC Magazine.
Nicotine gum and patches have claims that are regulated by the FDA under their drug/medical device rules. But companies that sell electronic cigarettes may be hyping their therapeutic benefits without any oversight.
4. Indoor Smoking Bans.
The common myth is that electronic cigarettes are exempted from a slew of state and local indoor smoking ordinances. But in states like New Jersey, smoking e-cigarettes inside a public place is illegal.
Remember also that each business can choose to enforce stronger policies on e-smoking, even barring smoking outside as well as inside their stores.
5. Potential Health, Safety Risks.
As many regulators have been astute to point out, the long term health effects of e-cigarettes is still widely unknown.
Depending on which electronic smoke you decide to purchase, it may very well blow up in your face, literally.
Related Resources:
Source: http://blogs.findlaw.com/law_and_life/2013/06/e-cigarettes-5-burning-legal-issues.html
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White House: US respects Iran election results
WASHINGTON (AP) ? Offering praise for Iranians and reproaching their government, the Obama administration said Saturday it respected the results of a presidential election conducted under restrictive conditions.
Shortly after moderate cleric Hasan Rowhani was declared the winner, White House spokesman Jay Carney said the U.S. congratulated Iranians for their courage in voting. He said Iranians were determined to make their voices heard despite the limitations the ruling government imposed on the political process.
The election "took place against the backdrop of a lack of transparency, censorship of the media, Internet, and text messages, and an intimidating security environment that limited freedom of expression and assembly," Carney said in a statement. He added that despite those obstacles, "the Iranian people were determined to act to shape their future."
Secretary of State John Kerry also lauded the Iranian people and added: "President-elect Rowhani pledged repeatedly during his campaign to restore and expand freedoms for all Iranians. In the months ahead, he has the opportunity to keep his promises to the Iranian people."
The stunning surge in Friday's election behind Rowhani, a former nuclear negotiator, was perceived by supporters as a rebuke to hard-line policies that have left Iran diplomatically and economically isolated. The U.S. and other nations have used penalties to undercut Tehran's disputed nuclear program.
Iran's ruling clerics barred more prominent reform candidates from the ballot, leaving a group of mostly staunch loyalists to the Islamic establishment. Iran's opposition settled on Rowhani as the least objectionable, making the 64-year-old cleric the de facto candidate for reform-minded Iranians.
"It is our hope that the Iranian government will heed the will of the Iranian people and make responsible choices that create a better future for all Iranians," Carney said. Signaling that the election has not changed the administration's stance, Carney said the U.S. is still willing to engage Tehran directly to find a diplomatic solution to concerns about Iran's nuclear program.
The U.S. has been ramping up efforts geared toward persuading Iran to prove its nuclear program is peaceful. The U.S. believes Iran is working to develop nuclear weapons, a charge that Iran denies.
But the strict limitations the regime placed on who could compete in the election dampened U.S. hopes that a postelection Iran would pursue a different course. Kerry said last month he wasn't optimistic that the election would produce any change in Iran's nuclear ambitions, a topic he revisited in his statement after the election.
"We, along with our international partners, remain ready to engage directly with the Iranian government," Kerry said. "We hope they will honor their international obligations to the rest of the world in order to reach a diplomatic solution that will fully address the international community's concerns about Iran's nuclear program."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/white-house-us-respects-iran-election-results-190857699.html
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Iranians count on president-elect Rohani to bring change
By Zahra Hosseinian
DUBAI (Reuters) - Iranian president-elect Hassan Rohani, who won a landslide victory promising better relations abroad and more freedom at home, on Sunday paid his first visit since the vote to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who will ultimately decide the pace of any change.
Rohani, a mid-ranking Shi'ite cleric, is an Islamic Republic insider who has held senior political and military posts since the 1979 Islamic revolution and maintained a good rapport with Khamenei, Iran's most powerful man.
Iranian media reported that Khamenei congratulated Rohani, wished him success, and gave him "the necessary guidance".
Rohani's trouncing of his hardline rivals, who miscalculated the public mood and failed to overcome factional differences and field a single candidate, received a cautious welcome in Washington, although Israel warned against "wishful thinking" about Iran's future direction.
While no reformer himself, Rohani gained the backing of the politically sidelined but still popular leaders of the reform movement. His call for an end to an "era of extremism" won over many voters tired of the economic crises and crackdowns on free speech that marked Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency.
However, Rohani's surprise win - taking just over 50 percent of the vote - is not expected quickly to resolve Tehran's nuclear stand-off with the West or break its commitment to backing President Bashar al-Assad in Syria's civil war.
U.S. President Barack Obama's chief of staff Denis McDonough said: "If he (Rohani) is interested in, as he has said in his campaign, mending Iran's relations with the rest of the world, there is an opportunity to do that."
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who has urged ever tighter sanctions and has threatened military force to stop Iran getting nuclear weapons, said: "The international community must not give in to wishful thinking or temptation and loosen the pressure on Iran for it to stop its nuclear programme."
KNOWN IN THE WEST
Rohani's win goes some way to repairing the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic, punctured four years ago when dozens were killed in protests after an election that reformists said was rigged, and may help pragmatic voices silenced since then to re-emerge.
Known in the West as Iran's main nuclear negotiator in 2003-05, Rohani immediately sought to build bridges, expressing approval of the street parties that welcomed his election but also having talks with the conservative speaker of parliament.
"With their celebrations last night, the Iranian people showed they are hopeful about the future and, God willing, morals and moderation will govern the country," he told Iranian television.
Whether Rohani succeeds in ushering in change, or the next four years yield the same stalemate that marked the 1997-2005 presidency of reformist Mohammad Khatami, will hinge on his ability to balance the demands and expectations of the people with the interests of those who hold the main levers of power.
Rohani may have an advantage that Khatami, director of the national library before becoming president, never enjoyed.
"Rohani is the ultimate regime insider. In contrast to Khatami, who held no governmental position when he was catapulted into the presidency, Rohani has never been out of power or Khamenei's good graces," said Ali Vaez, Iran analyst at the International Crisis Group.
"Also, Rohani is a centrist politician, with a unique bridge-building ability. He is unlikely to alienate competing power centres, who can stymie his reforms."
One big pointer will be whether Rohani pushes for the release of Mirhossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karoubi, the leading reformists held under house arrest since 2011. That demand was a constant chant of Rohani supporters at his campaign rallies and on the streets of Tehran and elsewhere overnight.
"This will in my view be the first real test of how sincere this election has been. Then we will know the calibre of Mr Rohani," said Ali Ansari, professor at St. Andrew's University in Scotland.
"Much depends on the political will of the fractured elite and the willingness of Khamenei to pull back. There is some anxiety that the powers that be, having got their 'popular election', will now settle back into their comfort zones."
FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT
Despite similarities between Khatami's and Rohani's upset election victories, the political realities "are fundamentally different", said Yasmin Alem, a U.S.-based Iran expert.
"The supreme leader is more powerful, the Revolutionary Guards are more influential, and the conservatives are more in control. However, Rohani is a crafty statesman and stands a better chance ... of navigating Iran's political minefield."
Rohani himself called for patience soon after his win was announced on Saturday. "The country's problems won't be solved overnight and this needs to happen gradually and with consultation with experts," he told the state news agency IRNA.
But Rohani, whose conciliatory style contrasts with the confrontational populism of Ahmadinejad, said there was a new chance "in the international arena for ... those who truly respect democracy and cooperation and free negotiation".
Post-election revellers were optimistic. "I am hopeful about the future, hopeful that we will have more social freedoms, more stability in Iran, better relations with other countries and hopefully a much better economy," said Hoda, 26, from Tehran.
As well as chanting "Long live Rohani!" and wishing good riddance to the current president with "Ahmadi, bye bye!", jubilant crowds did not shy from feting Mousavi, the reformist leader defeated in the election four years ago.
"Mousavi, Mousavi, congratulations on your victory!" the crowds shouted.
Pictures and videos of the celebrations showed more people wearing the green colours of Mousavi's 2009 campaign than Rohani's purple. Police stood by and even shared jokes with some people in the throng.
Others had an ironic take on the "Death to the Dictator!" chants of the huge 2009 protests, shouting "Thank-you Dictator!" for allowing a fair vote now.
(For an interactive timeline of Iran click on http://link.reuters.com/cas68t
For an interactive timeline on Iran's nuclear programme, click on http://link.reuters.com/gad76r)
(Additional reporting by Yeganeh Torbati and Marcus George; Writing by Jon Hemming; Editing by Mark Heinrich)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/iranians-revel-president-hails-victory-moderation-101932961.html
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AP PHOTOS: Rose, Micklelson among US Open winners
DEAR ABBY: I am 25, and my boyfriend and I have been together since high school. We have now decided to take our relationship to the next level by living together.When I brought up the idea to my mother a few months ago, she was against it. She said if I do this it will change my relationship with her. My boyfriend and I are college graduates, have good jobs and are self-supporting. If things work out between us, we will most likely be getting married next year.I am an only child and I don't want to hurt my mother or have our relationship change, but I want to be able to live my own life. ...
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ap-photos-rose-micklelson-among-us-open-winners-003215569.html
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Sunday, June 16, 2013
Draft NASA Funding Bill Cancels Asteroid Mission For Return To the Moon
First off, this nightmare that is ongoing with NASA, is NOT NASA's fault, but the fault, of the God Damn neo-cons that are running the house.
The majority of those shits are looking to keep NASA as a Job's bill. They do not care whether we go to the moon or not. THey want to spending our money on SLS which is mostly situated in neo-con districts( I note that a few dems back this as well, but they are pushing for both SLS and private space; spend, spend, spend).
So, what is insane about this? We will spend 20B for a launch vehicle that is mostly based on 60's/70's technology and design and will give us exactly ONE launch vehicle (though with several different designs). Since this vehicle will launch so infrequently, it will cost us 1.5-3B PER LAUNCH. Yes, it will cost as much or more than the shuttle did ( 1.5B per launch was the final price that we paid to send 7 ppl and 24.5 tonnes into LEO; that included the
The majority of those shits are looking to keep NASA as a Job's bill. They do not care whether we go to the moon or not. THey want to spending our money on SLS which is mostly situated in neo-con districts( I note that a few dems back this as well, but they are pushing for both SLS and private space; spend, spend, spend).
So, what is insane about this? We will spend 20B for a launch vehicle that is mostly based on 60's/70's technology and design and will give us exactly ONE launch vehicle (though with several different designs). Since this vehicle will launch so infrequently, it will cost us 1.5-3B PER LAUNCH. Yes, it will cost as much or more than the shuttle did ( 1.5B per launch was the final price that we paid to send 7 ppl and 24.5 tonnes into LEO; that included the
So, what is the sane Alternative? The one that Obama, dems, and even the tea-party is pushing: We need PRIVATE SPACE.
If we spend less than 2B over the next 2-3 years, we can have 3 launchers that will carry 7 ppl into leo (dragon rider/f9, atlas V with either cst-100 or dreamchaser). With this, we are guaranteed that we will NEVER lose cargo or human access to space again.
BUT, it gets better. Bigelow Aerospace has a SSA with NASA that both are working on getting private space to the moon BY 2020. It will costs less than the 20B that neo-cons are trying to force on NASA. Most importantly, by allowing NASA to pursue the asteroid AND help private space, we gain:
1) multiple launch vehicles so that we never lose space access again.
2) multiple tugs/fuel depots, that will include electric tugs (suitable for moving equipment/sats) and chemical tugs (suitable for moving ppl, or starting missions to extra solar).
3) multiple space stations at various altitudes in orbit, along with friendly nations helping to fund this.
4) a lunar base by 2020, again, with friendly nations helping to fund this (by paying the private companies money to put ppl on the surface).
5) Man on Mars by 2025.
6) learning on how to move asteroids around, and hopefully, prevent a large impact on earth. In addition, this technology will then allow private space to mine other asteroids.
And if we do this smart, we will then create a COTS-SHLV, in which we hold a contest for 2 launch systems to carry a minimum of 150 tonnes to LEO, for which we give 5B each to develop it. In addition, later one, we offer up 2 competitive contracts in which company will carry a minimum of 150 tonnes to LEO for no more than
You will note that the above spends just about the same as what the neo-cons want to spend on just building a rocket. BUT, if we do the above correctly, we will have NASA focus on just going to an asteroid, but also helping private space get BEO, and hopefully, NASA will be able to R&D new tech, such as nuke engines (we lead the world on this and our tech from the 60s is STILL ahead of what everybody else has).
With above approach, we convert NASA back into what it was before neo-cons turned them into a jobs program for themselves, get private space from being a cost center into a taxable item, and get ourselves BEO.
BUT, these god-for-saken neo-cons need to be stopped.
Source: http://rss.slashdot.org/~r/Slashdot/slashdotScience/~3/W2ROBMoa8_Y/story01.htm
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Saturday, June 15, 2013
Windows stores coming to Best Buy
Windows Phone 8 and Windows 8 will be showcased in mini-stores
Microsoft will be showcasing Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 inside special mini-stores within 500 Best Buy stores around the country.?
In the announcement, Microsoft said these Windows stores will also be in 100 Best Buy store in Canada. Users can expect these mini-stores to have computers, laptops and tablets based on Windows 8, as well as a variety of handsets powered by Windows Phone 8.?
The Windows stores in Best Buy will give Microsoft another weapon to fight Apple and its super-popular Apple Stores. Apple Stores are routinely the most-profitable per square foot and Apple recently said that roughly 1 million people visit Apple Stores per day.
Microsoft has a handfull of its own stores but this should help it expand its own branded footprint without having to run an entire store. For Best Buy, the move allows the giant retailer to offer a different type of experience for users who enter its stores. I'm also sure that Microsoft gave it a lot of money for that space.?
Microsoft does need some consumer awareness, as Windows 8 is universally considered a bit of a sales disappointment and Windows Phone sales have never been anything to crow about. We've heard that Windows Phone 8 sales are up?but it kind of had nowhere to go but up. The Windows stores inside Best Buy could help boost awareness of these devices, as well as potentially provide a shot in the arm for sales.?
The Windows stores in Best Buy will have competition a few aisles over though, as Best Buy will also have Samsung Experience Shops in more than 1,400 stores. These mini-stores will show off a variety of mostly-Android-powered Samsung Galaxy smartphones and tablets.?
[Via Microsoft]
Source: http://www.thefullsignal.com/windows-phone/14940/windows-stores-coming-best-buy
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Saturday, June 8, 2013
California Nuclear Plant Slated For Permanent Shut Down
The San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station at San Onofre State Beach in a 2012 photo.
David McNew/Getty ImagesThe San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station at San Onofre State Beach in a 2012 photo.
David McNew/Getty ImagesCalifornia's San Onofre nuclear power plant will be shut down for good amid concerns as to whether it could be safely restarted after being offline since early last year due to a radiation leak.
The plant's operator, Southern California Edison, said in a statement Friday that San Onofre's twin reactors "had served the region for over 40 years" but that the 16 months of uncertainty about whether they would or wouldn't go back online "was not good for our customers, our investors or the need to plan for our region's long-term electricity needs."
SCE President Ron Litzinger said in a statement: "Looking ahead, we think that our decision to retire the units will eliminate uncertainty and facilitate orderly planning for California's energy future."
SCE has spent more than $500 million on repairs and replacement power since the plant went idle, according to The Associated Press.
The AP says about 7.4 million Californians live within 50 miles of the nuclear plant, which can power 1.4 million homes.
The Los Angeles Times reports:
"San Onofre was shuttered after a tube in the plant's replacement steam generator system leaked a small amount of radioactive steam on Jan. 31, 2012. Eight other tubes in the same reactor unit later failed pressure tests, an unprecedented number in the industry, and thousands more tubes in both of the plant's units showed signs of wear.
The wear was blamed on tube vibration caused by excessively dry and high-velocity steam and inadequate support structures, particularly in one of the plant's two units. Tube vibration and wear has been a problem at other plants, but the specific type of vibration at San Onofre had not been experienced in the industry.
Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric ? which has a 20% stake in the plant ? spent more than $780 million replacing the steam generators several years ago, which ratepayers are now repaying."
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Wednesday, May 22, 2013
Poliovirus vaccine trial shows early promise for recurrent glioblastoma
May 21, 2013 ? An attack on glioblastoma brain tumor cells that uses a modified poliovirus is showing encouraging results in an early study to establish the proper dose level, researchers at Duke Cancer Institute report.
The treatment, developed at Duke and tested in an ongoing phase 1 study, capitalizes on the discovery that cancer cells have an abundance of receptors that work like magnets drawing the poliovirus, which then infects and kills the cells.
The investigational therapy, known as PVSRIPO, uses an engineered form of the virus that is lethal to cancer cells, while harmless to normal cells. Infused directly into the patient's tumor, the virus-based therapy also triggers the body's immune fighters to launch an attack against the infected tumor cells.
Preliminary data, presented at the upcoming 2013 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Chicago, previews the results of seven patients enrolled in the study whose tumors reoccurred despite traditional treatments for glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and aggressive brain tumor.
Of the patients enrolled in the study, three have responded well to the drug. One patient remains disease-free 12 months after treatment, another 11 months post-treatment and the third is disease-free after five months. With traditional treatment, about half of glioblastoma patients see recurrent tumor growth within eight weeks.
Two patients in the study did not fair as well; one had recurrent tumor growth after two months, and another's condition declined after four months. The remaining two patients have been treated in the last three and two months, respectively, and currently remain disease free.
"These early results are intriguing," said Annick Desjardins, M.D., FRCPC, principal investigator and associate professor of medicine at Duke University School of Medicine. "Current therapies for glioblastoma are limited because they cannot cross the blood-brain barrier and often do not specifically attack the tumor. This treatment appears to overcome those problems. We are eager to see additional results as we move forward with our study."
In addition to Desjardins, study authors include J. H. Sampson, K.B. Peters, T. Ranjan, G. Vlahovic, S. Threatt, J.E. Herndon II, A. Friedman, H.S. Friedman, D.D. Bigner and M. Gromeier.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/3Cp30KhVPpg/130521132122.htm
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Tuesday, May 21, 2013
How Telemedicine Has Already Surpassed Our Earliest Predictions
Today, remotely operated robot doctors
The biggest hurdle for diagnosing a patient from a distance has always been delivering useful information to people with the expertise to analyze the data. Older tech like the telephone might let you talk to a doctor in a far-off city so that you can describe your symptoms, but what if she wants to monitor your heart-rate or take an X-ray?
In 1924 the writers of Science and Invention magazine thought they'd found an answer.
The headline proclaimed, "Specialist Brought to Every Town," and promised that experts in every field of medicine would be able to diagnose disease from a control room far removed from their patients.
With the aid of electrical indicating devices, it is easily possible to transmit the findings of any disease over wires from one place to another with almost absolute accuracy. The ideas necessary are shown in the illustration herewith. A cardiograph is attached to the patient's two wrists and variations in the current can be made to register in the distant specialist's office. Respiration pressure is transmitted through a carbon rheostat, the same as is the case with the blood pressure. The heart tone is transmitted by a radio microphone, temperature through a thermocouple. An X-ray of the infected member is transmitted by television.
Just how futuristic were their predictions about treating patients in the future? Television wasn't even a practical reality in 1924. John Logie Baird made the first public demonstration of television the following year in 1925.
We've made stunning advancements in the way that specialists can reach people through telemedicine. Neurologists in New York are now treating Parkinson's patients from 150 miles away, SUVs are being outfitted with wireless tech to bring much needed medical care to rural parts of India, and laws are changing in places like Montana to ensure that health insurers reimburse for things like videoconference doctor's consultations.
But despite all the robo-doctors and heart apps, telemedicine is in many ways still in its infancy. With the increased stresses of an aging Boomer population and a dearth of medical professionals in rural areas, the future of remote diagnosis can't come soon enough.
Images: October 1924 issue of Science and Invention
Source: http://gizmodo.com/how-telemedicine-has-already-surpassed-our-earliest-pre-508890541
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Pentagon to take over some CIA drone operations : sources
By Tabassum Zakaria and Mark Hosenball
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama's administration has decided to give the Pentagon control of some drone operations against terrorism suspects overseas that are currently run by the CIA, several U.S. government sources said on Monday.
Obama has pledged more transparency on controversial counterterrorism programs, and giving the Pentagon the responsibility for part of the drone program could open it to greater congressional oversight.
Obama will make a speech on Thursday at the National Defense University in Washington that will include discussion of the government's use of drones as a counterterrorism tool. It is unclear whether he will announce the drone program shift in that speech or separately.
Four U.S. government sources told Reuters that the decision had been made to shift the CIA's drone operations to the Pentagon, and some of them said it would occur in stages.
Drone strikes in Yemen, where the U.S. military already conducts operations with Yemeni forces, would be run by the armed forces, officials said.
But for the time-being U.S. drone strikes in Pakistan would continue to be conducted by the CIA to keep the program covert and maintain deniability for both the United States and Pakistan, several sources said.
Ultimately, however, the administration's goal would be to transfer the Pakistan drone operations to the military, one U.S. official said on condition of anonymity.
The internal debate within the administration about whether to switch control of drone strikes to the military has been going on for months. Obama is under heightened pressure to show that his administration is transparent, after a series of scandals about civil liberties and allegations of government overreach broke last week.
A White House National Security Council spokeswoman and a CIA spokeswoman each declined comment.
DECISION AFTER MONTHS OF DEBATE
One of the reasons to make the shift is that it would help the CIA to return to more traditional spying operations and intelligence analysis, rather than paramilitary operations involving killing terrorism targets, officials have said.
The U.S. military is not engaged in ground combat in Pakistan, where the population in tribal areas has been angered by drone strikes and governments do not want to acknowledge that they allow U.S. unmanned aircraft to operate.
But in Yemen, the same sensitivities do not exist because the U.S. military is working with Yemeni forces in counterterrorism operations and so drone strikes in Yemen will shift to the Pentagon, two sources said.
There have been 355 drone strikes in Pakistan and 66 in Yemen, according to a widely cited drone attack database run by the New America Foundation think tank. (Database: http://natsec.newamerica.net/)
The United States has also carried out drone strikes in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and East Africa, some of them operated by the military.
The use of armed drones jumped in 2008 when President George W. Bush authorized the use of "signature" strikes, allowing the targeting of terrorism suspects based on behavior and other characteristics without knowing the targets' identities.
Rosa Brooks, a New America Foundation fellow and Georgetown University law professor, said the problem with the targeted killing program was "an assertion by the executive branch that it has this essentially unconstrained and unreviewable power to kill people."
Brooks, who previously served at the Pentagon, said she hoped that Obama would publicly release the legal justifications and analysis for the targeted killings overseas, including of U.S. citizens.
"I would also like to see the president say that we will acknowledge all strikes, that we will publicly report on identities of who was targeted, at least after the fact," she said.
(Editing by Alistair Bell and Lisa Shumaker)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pentagon-over-cia-drone-operations-sources-013527563.html
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